Turkish Simple Present Tense Participles
Turkish Simple Present Tense Participles
The Simple Present Tense is called "Geniş Zaman" [LIT: Wide Tense]
in Turkish.
It is also known as the aorist or timeless tense grammar.
The Simple Present Tense is used for habitual situations.
The Wide tense participle is an adjective.
It precedes the noun which it describes.
Positive Participle formation: ‑r ‑ar ‑er ‑ir ‑ır ‑ür ‑ur replaces theInfinitive sign ‑mek ‑mak
Negtaive Participle formation: ‑maz ‑mez replaces the Infinitive sign.
Turkish Positive Timeless Participle
The simple present tense positive sign -r is used to mark this type of participle.
- akmakto flow →
akarthat which flows
[continually, habitually]
- Nehir, denize kadar akar.
The river flows as far as the sea.
that which flows when placed BEFORE a noun:
- Yatak odasında akar su var.
There is running water in the bedroom.
[Meaning water is available in that room.]
Here the meaning is different:
- Yatak odasında akan su var.
There is water(which is)
flowing in the bedroom.
[there is leak or maybe the roof is leaking.]
Subject Participle in -an/-en describes what is happening now.
Turkish Simple Tense Common Noun Forms
Many Wide Tense Participles have entered the language as common nouns in their own right.
Yazmakto write. Wide Tense Participle yazar meaning writer / author.
- Bu kitabın yazarı Orhan Kemal' dır.
The writer of this book is Orhan Kemal.
- Bu kitabı yazan Orhan Kemal' dır.
It is Orhan Kemal who wrote this book.
[ENG: "Orhan Kemal wrote this book"]
Turkish Simple Participle Negative Forms
Is used adjective mainly to describe the general state of objects.
This construction is also used in English.
- Dün gece inanılamaz bir film gördüm.
[inanıl-ama-z]
- I saw an
unbelievable
film last night.
[which is not able to be believed.]
- O, unutulamaz bir film idi.
[unutul-ama-z]
- It was an
unforgettable
film.
[which is not able to be forgotten.]
It can also be uses as a verb:
- The film I saw last night
was unbelievable.
[It could not be believed]
- The film
was unforgettable.
[It was not able to be forgotten]
It is a matter of the position of the participle.
Placed before its noun it is an adjectival description.
Placed after its noun it is a verb.
This is the way Turkish uses these participles.
In the same manner as English.
Formation of the Turkish Negative Simple (Timeless) Participle
The simple present tense negative sign -maz/-mez is used to mark this type of participle.
akmakto flow →
akmazThat which does not flow
[continually, habitually]
Examples in the negative potential form :
- İnanılamaz bir şey oldu!
An unbelievable thing has happened!
[inan-ıl-a-maz "that which is not able to be usually believed"
] - Dün akşam unutulamaz bir filim seyrettik.
We watched an unforgettable film last night. - Garajınızda kullanılamaz olan eski bir bisiklet buldum.
I found an old unusable bicycle in your garage.
This example shows the addition of olan the subject participle of olmak
The use of olanwhich is helps the listener to discern that the participle is an adjective.
Turkish Simple Tense Common Noun Forms
ARAÇ ÇIKABILIR |
Many of these participles have also become nouns in their own right. As a verb: ARAÇ ÇIKABILIR VEHICLE MAY EXIT |
ÇIKMAZ SOKAK |
ÇIKMAZ SOKAK cul-de-sac [street which does not exit.] |
ÇIKMAZ |
Seen on doors which lead nowhere in public buildings: ÇIKMAZ NO EXIT |
ÇIKILMAZ |
Or as a passive verb: ÇIKILMAZ DOES NOT EXIT |
Saying As soon as in Turkish
as soon as uses both positive and negative wide tense participles in apposition:
Biz gelir gelmez yemek yiyelim.
As soon as we arrive, lets eat.
Ben gelir gelmez.
AS soon as I come / came.
sen gelir gelmez
as soon as you come / came.
The person (subject) has to be stated as it is not apparent from the verb form.
The tense is taken from the verb of the final statement.
Very often the word when can be substituted for as soon as in English
As soon as…showing changes in person in Turkish:
- Ben gelir gelmez bir kaza oldu.
As soon as I came an accident happened/occurred. - Sen gelir gelmez bir kaza oldu.
As soon as you came an accident happened. - O gelir gelmez bir kaza olacakmış.
As soon as he comes an accident will probably happen. - Mehmet gelir gelmez bir kaza olabilir.
As soon as Mehmet comes an accident may happen. - Biz gelir gelmez bir kaza oldu.
As soon as we came an accident happened. - Siz gelir gelmez bir kaza oldu.
As soon as you came an accident happened. - Onlar gelir gelmez bir kaza oldu.
As soon as they came an accident happened. - Polis gelir gelmez başka bir kaza oldu.
As soon as the police came another accident occurred. - Biz çıkar çıkmaz annem gelecekmiş
As soon as (when) we go out my mother may arrive. - Onlar oraya varır varmaz partı başlayacak.
As soon as (when) they arrive there the party will begin.
Turkish Noun "Denoting" Participle
Denoting Participle : to mark, signal, signify the actor.
This participle is based on the noun suffix -ci which denotes an agent which ACTIONS the verb.
It can be used as a noun or as an adjective.
- The Infinitive sign -mek -mak is dropped an replaced with:
- ‑(y)ici ‑(y)ıcı ‑(y)ucu ‑(y)ücü ‑çı etc
- işwork →
işçıworker - toplamakto collect ⇒
toplayıcıcollector - futbolfootball →
futbolcufootballer - kalecastle, goal →
kalecigoal-keeper - kalmakto remain →
kalıcıpermanent, durable
- vermekto give →
vericidonor
BUT verenwho gives - bulmakto find →
bulucudetector
BUT bulanwho finds
- Verb: to work →
Denoting Participle: worker[the actor]
worker bee(adj.)
- to operate → operator
machine operator(noun.)
- to fill → filler
filler cap(adj.)
- to cut → cutter
metal cutter(noun.)
- to wait → waiter
waiter sevice(adj.)
- yapışmakto stick, adhere →
yapışıcıglue - beklemek →
bekcıwatchman - gülmek to smile →
yüze gülücüsmiler, two faced - büyültmekto magnify →
büyültücüampifier - almakto take →
göz alıcıeye catchıng - çalmakto play →
teyp çalıcıtape player - doyurmakto fill →
doyurucu yemeksquare meal, food filling - korumakto protect →
kulak koruyucuear protector
Negative participles there are no negative -ici type participles.
Negative expressions are controlled through the main verb(s) in the sentence (or noun clause) where this participle is used.
- Size daha üzücü haberler vermek istemem.
- I don't want to give more worrying news to you.
Many have now entered the Turkish language separate nouns and adjectives.
- böcek öldürücü
insecticide - uyuşturucu
narcotic drug - güldürücü
amusing - etkileyici
effective
The -ici participle is very productive in Turkish.
Care must be taken to correctly comprehend ıts meanıng
- merak uyandırıcı
intriguing[adj.]
- nefret uyandırıcı
disgusting - şehvet uyandırıcı
lascivious - şüphe uyandırıcı
suspicious - Kaynak: John Guise
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