Uşaklar için parasız Türk Dili kursları Komratta

1- Uşaklar için parasız Türk Dili kursları Komratta. Gençlik Merkezinde (Dom tvorçestva) var, nasıl yazılaysınız. Mesengerden yazabilirsiniz, eposta yollayabilirsiniz.

E-mail: [email protected]
Mob.: +905346637800

2-

BMT / OOH tarafından incelenen Raporum

Alternative report on cultural and educational rights of the Gagauz community of the Republic of Moldova to the UN Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights

Author: Dr. Gullu Karanfil, İstanbul Aydın University

E-mail: [email protected]
Mob.: +905346637800

Contents:

I Summary of the report
II Policy for preserving the Gagauz language 
III Access of Gagauz people to education in their native language 
IV Recommendations

I Summary of the report

Gagauzia is an administrative-territorial entity of the Republic of Moldova.  The administrative center is the city of Comrat.  The district is comprised of 28 localities, including 3 towns.  Majority of the population (82.1 %) are Gagauz.  According to the population census carried out by authorities of Moldova in 2014, 4.6% of the population of the Republic of Moldova are Gagauz. 

At all times, the Gagauz people lived under the rule of other countries: approximately until 1800-s in the Ottoman Empire, then as a part of the Tsarist Russia, in 1922-1940 they lived in the Royal Romania, then in the USSR, from 1991 in independent Moldova, where in 1994, Moldova recognized the Autonomous-Territorial Entity of Gagauzia.  And the language always suffered, since in addition to the native language some other language always dominated.  But it is necessary to note that as of now despite the self-determination, the situation with the language is the most difficult in the history of existence of the Gagauz language.  The reasons for that are different. 

III. Policy for preservation and promotion of the Gagauz language in Moldova 
There are fewer and fewer people speaking the Gagauz language with every passing day.  In spite of the fact that 4.6% of the population of Moldova are Gagauz, the Gagauz language is the mother tongue for less than 1% of the population.  There were always non-Gagauz speaking specialists in the ruling elite of the ATE of Gagauzia.  The language of the autonomy was always in the background.  From 1987, the Gagauz language could be heard only at schools during the lessons of the Gagauz language and literature.  Education in Gagauzia is provided in Russian.  The Russian language penetrated deeply in villages, since education and workflow management are in Russian.  In Gagauz villages where 100% of the population are Gagauz, concerts and all entertainment events are held exclusively in Russian. 

This is very detrimental for the national identity of children and young people.  Children and young people are ashamed to speak their native language, and even more than that, majority of children in rural areas do not speak the Gagauz language.  Regional and national authorities do not take measures to preserve and promote the Gagauz language.  

In 2010, UNESCO stated that the Gagauz language is a language in danger.  In 2010, UNESCO published the Atlas of World Languages in Danger, and included there 2500 languages and dialects.  Just in Europe, specialists identified 212 languages that are in danger of extinction, 13 are in critical state and would disappear in the near future. 

The language is considered to be a language in danger of extinction if only a few representatives of the older generation speak it, and meanwhile their children can understand them, but grandchildren cannot. The Gagauz language is exactly in such a state.  If before in towns (Comrat, Ciadir and Vulcanesti) Gagauz young people could not speak the language, now this situation spread to villages.  

Thus, in 2016, in one of the villages of Gagauzia, out of 29 first-grade pupils only 2 understood and could speak Gagauz.  Already for rural Gagauz children Russian is their mother tongue.  And that means that in Gagauzia, which we built for the sake of preserving the language and culture, in 20-30 years the language would stop existing, unless we start acting today.  There is no language policy in the autonomy.  Authorities of Moldova always stood on the sidelines.  Books and all materials, and everything that is related to the Gagauz language was funded by Turkey and from the scarce budget of Gagauzia, and also by some private persons but not from the state budget. 

And this despite the fact that according to Article 15, para 2 of the Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights, the state has to take necessary measures to protect, develop and disseminate achievements of science and culture. 
 
On behalf of the director of ”Meras” we sent to the Bashkan of Gagauzia – Irina Vlah – two open letters, where we described the situation with the language and proposed to create conditions in kindergartens for the Gagauz language, so that children could hear the language often, so that by the time they leave the kindergarten they could understand and speak the Gagauz language. There was no answer.  The second appeal was related to changing the working language of children’s annual summer camps from Russian into Gagauz, this proposal was not approved by the authorities either. /http://budjakonline.md/novosti/kultura/6847-gyullyu-karanfil-napravila-v-adres-bashkana-predlozheniya-po-prodvizheniyu-gagauzskogo-yazyka.html/  

In addition, it was proposed to start teaching such lessons as “Singing”, “Physical Culture”, “Industrial Arts” and “Drawing” in the Gagauz language at schools in the Gagauz region. 

Three members of the People’s Assembly of Gagauzia – Ecaterina Jecova, Elena Caramit and Mikhail Jelezoglo proposed to prepare a draft law on “Saving the Gagauz language”, but it was not developed. /http://gagauzia24.com/index.php?newsid=675 /  The Law 15 “On Functioning of Languages in Gagauzia does not work. 

Our rights are infringed by the fact that names of villages, stores and other administrative institutions are not written in the Gagauz language, even though the UN special rapporteur on minorities, in her report on the situation in Moldova recommended to translate names also in minority languages.  There is a pitiful number of publications in the Gagauz language, but they are published without any control and that is why there are a lot of mistakes in the text.  It is necessary to establish a terminology center in Gagauzia, which would work in this area. / http://gagauzia24.com/index.php?newsid=618 /

Gagauz surnames are mostly of Turkic origin.  Distorted surnames that we inherited from the USSR, i.e. written Russian spelling later were written in Moldovan.  And all that made Gagauz names non-recognizable.  Thus, the name “Kuyucuklu” in Russian was spelled “Куйжуклу” and now it is spelled “Сuijuklu”, while in Moldovan it would be spelled “Сuiuguklu”.  It would be desirable to use Gagauz spelling – “Kuyucuklu”.  And the UN special rapporteur on minorities mentioned it in her report on the situation in Moldova. 

However, a year passed since her recommendations were published, but authorities of Moldova did not take any measures to change the situation.  This situation contradicts Article 1, para 1, of the Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights, which states that “all peoples have the right to self-determination”. 

IV. Access of Gagauz people to education in their native language

The educational process still remains one of the most vulnerable places for representatives of minorities.  

At the same time, members of our group noted with regret that they did not have an opportunity to study the native language well at school.  For example, in the ATE of Gagauzia there are no schools where all subjects are taught in the native language.  There are only 3 hours a week of the Gagauz language and literature. 

Second, in the history textbooks there is no information about history and culture of minorities, as a consequence, it leads to appearance and dissemination of stereotypes and hostile attitude to minorities. 

It has to be noted, that the Ministry of Education of Moldova fails to find resources to publish a textbook of the Gagauz language for pupils of 12th grade, and it is despite the fact that pupils of the 12th grade have to pass a bachelor’s exam on the Gagauz language. 

The existing situation with access of Gagauz people to education in their native language in Moldova contradicts Article 13, para 1, of the Covenant. 

V. Recommendations
          
a. Changes in the legislation, in particular, Law No. 273, as of 09.11.1994, on the identity documents of the national passport system, in order to ensure a possibility to use personal names, geographical names and names of organizations in the Gagauz language and use of own alphabet. 

b. Making amendments in Article 10 of the Education Code of the Republic of Moldova in such a way that the state would get back guarantees of education in the native language and would not provide education in the native language “within the compass”, as it is done now.
c.  It is necessary to find resources in the state budget to publish interactive books and materials in the Gagauz language for kindergartens of Gagauzia. 
d. To resolve the problem of converting all communications into the Gagauz language in kindergartens, in all children’s and administrative institutions.  
e. To launch free of charge on-line courses of the Moldovan language for the purpose of integrating Gagauz people into the Moldovan society. 
f. Revision and change of school curricula, manuals and teaching methodologies through the prism of promotion and observance of rights of Gagauz and intercultural dialogue;

a. Establishment at the expense of the state budget of bilingual schools: Gagauz – Moldovan, Gagauz – Russian, Gagauz – English in the territory of Gagauzia.